SAQ 273 – Toxicology – inhalational agents and ionising radiation

Review Completed

Marked out of 14.00

You are managing patients following a hazardous-material incident.

For each inhalational agent, state one (1) mild and one (1) severe clinical effect.

(Marked out of 6.0)

/ 6

For each ionising-radiation dose range, state the primary syndrome or system affected and one expected effect.

(Marked out of 8.0)

Radiation dose	Primary syndrome / system affected	Expected effect
2-10 Gy
10-15 Gy
15-30 Gy
>30 Gy

/ 8

Total Score: 0 / 14

Percentage: 0%

Agent	Typical site	Mild effects	Severe effects
Ammonia	Upper airway	Skin or conjunctival irritation, cough, burning, nausea, or vomiting.	Wheeze, stridor, laryngospasm, or acute pulmonary oedema.
Chlorine	Lower airway	Lacrimation, rhinorrhoea, cough, or headache.	Early acute pulmonary oedema or purulent sputum.
Phosgene	Terminal airways	Choking, cough, lacrimation, nausea, or vomiting.	Delayed chest tightness, dyspnoea, haemoptysis, or acute pulmonary oedema.

Dose	Primary syndrome / system	Expected effect
2-10 Gy	Haemopoietic / bone marrow	Bone-marrow suppression.
10-15 Gy	Gastrointestinal	Severe gastrointestinal syndrome.
15-30 Gy	Vascular	Vascular collapse and severe systemic injury.
>30 Gy	Cerebral	Rapid cerebral syndrome and death.