SAQ 433 – O+G – severe postpartum haemorrhage
Model Answer
O+G – severe postpartum haemorrhage.
a. Categories and examples
| Category | Examples |
|---|---|
| Tone | Uterine atony; overdistended uterus; prolonged labour; infection. |
| Trauma | Perineal, vaginal, cervical, or uterine laceration; uterine rupture; haematoma. |
| Tissue | Retained placenta, retained products, placenta accreta spectrum. |
| Thrombin | Coagulopathy, DIC, anticoagulant use, inherited bleeding disorder. |
b. Steps to stop bleeding
- Call for help, activate postpartum haemorrhage and massive transfusion pathways, and continue resuscitation.
- Perform uterine massage/bimanual compression.
- Give an oxytocic such as oxytocin according to local protocol.
- Deliver any remaining placental tissue or remove retained products if safe and appropriately skilled support is present.
- Empty the bladder with a catheter.
- Inspect for and control an obvious bleeding point or genital tract trauma.
- Replace clotting factors and blood products guided by major haemorrhage protocol and labs.
- Consider tranexamic acid and further uterotonics according to local O+G protocol.
c. Response to unavailable registrar
- Escalate immediately to the O+G consultant or consultant on call; this is a life-threatening haemorrhage.
- Continue active resuscitation and ED haemorrhage control measures while escalation occurs.
- Mobilise anaesthetics, theatre, blood bank, senior ED, and retrieval/transfer pathways if definitive care is not available.
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